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--- wiki:m2.0 [2023/11/16 12:48] – [4. The Recommendation] esoeding
+++ wiki:m2.0 [2025/05/26 09:19] (current) – [2. Possible alternative solutions] esoeding
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 =====Description=====
-[Status: Under development, Date: 2023-10-30, Version: 001]
+[Status: Under development, Date: ~~LASTMOD~~, Version: 001]
 =====Motivation for this Recommendation: =====
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
-Binding Convention:
+=====Binding Convention=====
 |                         ^ mandatory  ^ conditional	          ^ optional ^
 ^ Helmholtz FAIR Principle|            | mandatory if ROR is available|          |
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 __Current Use of ...__
-Arbeitskreis Forschungsdatenmanagement (AK FDM) in Baden-Württemberg [1]
+Over the recent years numerous repositories and initiatives have recommended the use of ROR. Among them e.g. Arbeitskreis Forschungsdatenmanagement (AK FDM) in Baden-Württemberg [1]
 __Motivation__
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 The database can be accessed via the official website, an open API or as a downloadable database dump. All ROR identifiers and metadata are provided under the CC0 licence.
 ====2. Possible alternative solutions====
+Several alternatives exist:
+. GRID (Global Research Identifier Database) [Deprecated, replaced by ROR]
+Status: No longer maintained, but still used in legacy systems.
+Scope: Global research institutions, similar to ROR.
+Use case: May be used if your system still relies on GRID identifiers, which are mapped to ROR in most cases.
+Note: Since ROR is a community-led continuation of GRID, migrating to ROR is generally encouraged.
+. ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier)
+Scope: Broad—covers not only research institutions but also other organizations and individuals involved in creative or intellectual work.
+Managed by: ISNI International Agency.
+Use case: Useful for linking to authority records in library or publishing systems (e.g., for institutions in MARC21 authority data).
+. National or Domain-Specific Authority Files
+Examples include:
+  * GND (Gemeinsame Normdatei) – German National Authority File.
+  * LCNAF – Library of Congress Name Authority File (U.S.).
+  * SUDOC – French academic institutions (Abes).
+Use case: Often used in library, archival, or bibliometric infrastructures.
+Limitation: Coverage and update frequency vary; may not be globally interoperable.
+. Internal Institutional IDs
+Scope: Local or consortium-level identifiers for partner institutions or affiliates.
+Use case: When working within a closed or federated system (e.g., within Helmholtz or NFDI), organizations may assign internal codes or URIs.
+Caution: Not globally resolvable unless made publicly accessible.
 ====3. Consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the recommendation====
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 ====4. The Recommendation====
+It is recommended that all data infrastructures and repositories of the Helmholtz Association use ROR to identify organizations to resources in data infrastructures wherever and whenever possible.
-[Format: Wer! macht was! wo! wann! unter welchen Voraussetzungen!]
 ==== 5. Naming of communities that have already implemented the recommendation====